River Discharge to the Arctic Ocean by Major Regions


An estimate was made of the total flux of freahwater from the terrestrial land surface to the Arctic Ocean. The data was constructed from the R-ArcticNET river discharge database.  An attempt was made to remove gaps in the observations to provide a continuous time series for the period 1921-1996.  Interpolation was performed using correlation, water balance methods and hydrological analogy.  Additionally, meteorological data have also been used by using relationships between runoff with air temperature and precipitation.  For each particular region different methods were used depending on the availbale observational data and natural geographic conditions.

The figures from the paper are shown by region and for the entire Arctic Ocean.

Additionally, the raw data is also available.


Source:

Shiklomanov, I.A., A.I. Shiklomanov, R.B. Lammers, B.J. Peterson and C.J. Vorosmarty (2000) The Dynamics of River Water
Inflow to the Arctic Ocean, in The Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands (in press).

Units in km3 year-1

Year
Hudson Bay
North America
North America 
+ Hudson Bay
Europe
Asia
Arctic Ocean
ArcticOcean 
+ Hudson
1921
1050
1140
2190
699
2298
4137
5187
1922
1030
1120
2150
712
2488
4320
5350
1923
910
1110
2020
792
2456
4358
5268
1924
990
1180
2170
710
2401
4291
5281
1925
870
1130
2000
694
2477
4301
5171
1926
890
1140
2030
645
2479
4264
5154
1927
1020
1240
2260
691
2507
4438
5458
1928
1050
1330
2380
756
2582
4668
5718
1929
1020
1140
2160
775
2437
4352
5372
1930
990
1140
2130
694
2410
4244
5234
1931
1040
1000
2040
684
2349
4033
5073
1932
1050
1190
2240
804
2403
4397
5447
1933
830
1230
2060
686
2360
4276
5106
1934
920
1310
2230
715
2362
4387
5307
1935
860
1150
2010
703
2452
4305
5165
1936
980
1180
2160
588
2335
4103
5083
1937
970
1160
2130
584
2421
4165
5135
1938
950
1200
2150
884
2615
4699
5649
1939
910
1260
2170
668
2370
4298
5208
1940
910
1100
2010
624
2409
4133
5043
1941
830
1160
1990
656
2285
4101
4931
1942
970
1090
2060
668
2445
4203
5173
1943
950
1230
2180
744
2332
4306
5256
1944
830
1070
1900
677
2657
4404
5234
1945
1010
1040
2050
626
2186
3852
4862
1946
1020
1200
2220
679
2350
4229
5249
1947
1070
1300
2370
656
2623
4579
5649
1948
900
1100
2000
735
2550
4385
5285
1949
950
1040
1990
833
2674
4547
5497
1950
830
1220
2050
623
2460
4303
5133
1951
830
1040
1870
701
2729
4470
5300
1952
1070
1240
2310
750
2291
4281
5351
1953
880
990
1870
729
2098
3817
4697
1954
880
1170
2050
648
2179
3997
4877
1955
840
1270
2110
687
2147
4104
4944
1956
990
1130
2120
653
2142
3925
4915
1957
1080
1090
2170
706
2293
4089
5169
1958
1010
1270
2280
741
2525
4536
5546
1959
1040
1200
2240
691
2507
4398
5438
1960
1030
1190
2220
504
2325
4019
5049
1961
760
1190
1950
734
2686
4610
5370
1962
920
1240
2160
746
2478
4464
5384
1963
880
1150
2030
691
2322
4163
5043
1964
990
1200
2190
766
2237
4203
5193
1965
1050
1140
2190
711
2401
4252
5302
1966
1140
1170
2310
714
2594
4478
5618
1967
1010
1200
2210
652
2391
4243
5253
1968
1110
1340
2450
712
2391
4443
5553
1969
1090
1230
2320
655
2305
4190
5280
1970
1020
1120
2140
579
2510
4209
5229
1971
960
1150
2110
743
2500
4393
5353
1972
930
1220
2150
658
2225
4103
5033
1973
970
1210
2180
661
2634
4505
5475
1974
1070
1320
2390
662
2893
4875
5945
1975
1080
1290
2370
686
2650
4626
5706
1976
990
1150
2140
692
2210
4052
5042
1977
940
1210
2150
657
2324
4191
5131
1978
930
1270
2200
675
2655
4600
5530
1979
1090
1170
2260
704
2562
4436
5526
1980
880
1000
1880
592
2385
3977
4857
1981
770
1040
1810
700
2288
4028
4798
1982
860
1020
1880
704
2145
3869
4729
1983
870
1080
1950
761
2360
4201
5071
1984
920
1200
2120
714
2288
4202
5122
1985
1000
1300
2300
686
2332
4318
5318
1986
918
1320
2237
685
2492
4497
5414
1987
844
1318
2162
674
2337
4329
5173
1988
872
1286
2158
613
2574
4473
5345
1989
721
1258
1978
712
2681
4652
5372
1990
847
1210
2057
714
2535
4459
5307
1991
772
1114
1887
745
2462
4321
5093
1992
931
1122
2052
729
2381
4231
5162
1993
827
1200
2027
769
2445
4414
5240
1994
948
1163
2112
696
2430
4288
5237
1995
948
1163
2112
740
2442
4345
5293
1996
948
1163
2112
741
2619
4523
5471